Fibroids

Fibroids (also called myomas) are non-cancerous growths in or on the muscular wall of the womb (the myometrium). They can vary in number and size, according to the individual. Doctors will refer to the size of a fibroid in terms of a developing baby that size – in other words, 12 weeks. Some fibroids can be as small as a pea, but others can be as large as a seven- or eight-month-old foetus.

Fibroids are given different names depending on where and how they grow:

• Submucosal fibroids grow on the inside of the womb and extend into the uterine cavity.
• Intramural fibroids grow within the uterine wall (the wall of the womb).
• Subserol fibroids grow on the outside of the womb, on the lining between the uterus and the pelvic cavity.
• Penduculated fibroids can be attached either to the inside or outside wall of the womb, and they are characterised by a stalk.

Fibroids are very common and can affect 20 percent of women over the age of 30. They are not common in women under the age of 20, except in Afro-Caribbean women who are more susceptible to fibroid growths, even in their teens.. Fibroids seem to run in families, but we are not sure at present whether this is a genuinely genetic predisposition, or whether lifestyle and diet play in role in some families.

What are the symptoms?

The main symptom of fibroids is heavy periods. When fibroids grow inside the womb (submucosal or intramural), the mechanism that operates menstrual flow may not work properly. The heavy bleeding can be a result of the fibroids making the womb bigger (creating a larger surface of womb lining that has to bleed every month), or the pressure of the fibroids may disrupt the normal blood flow. As a result many women with fibroids will have heavy periods, but experience no pain.
Some women do experience pain with fibroids — not necessarily intense period pains, but a feeling of pressure and a dragging sensation in the abdomen.

If fibroids are on stalks (pendiculated), they can twist, causing extreme pain.In some cases, the bleeding can be so severe that sufferers develop anaemia.
During menstruation, some women lose clots of blood that resemble pieces of liver. If the blood flow is heavy, the anti-clotting factors that are normally present in the menstrual blood may not be able to keep the blood flowing smoothly, hence the pieces of clotted blood.

Other women can experience periods that go on for weeks, sometimes with no real break between one period and the next.
In many cases, fibroids can be symptomless. If they grow in a way that doesn’t cause pressure on the neighbouring organs, you can live with even large fibroids for many years without requiring any medical help. In most cases, they shrink the menopause and post-menopause years.


In some cases the first indication that there may be fibroids is when there is trouble conceiving (infertility) or maintaining a pregnancy (miscarriage).
Many women will never know they have them as they can give no symptoms. Significantly large fibroids can enlarge and distort the womb, making it impossible for a fertilised egg to implant. Many women who have been treated for infertility may have perfectly normal cycles. They will not have even known that they were pregnant, because the fertilised egg would have been unable to attach itself to the lining of the uterus with fibroids there.

If fibroids press on other organs, such as the bladder or bowel, you may experience frequent urination, constipation or even backache.
Most women do experience some abdominal swelling, although it may be minor. In other women, the lower abdomen can look as though you are in the early stages of pregnancy.

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